mining engineering, and economics [1]. Mineral mining is a fairly complex process technique and can last for decades [2]. There are two kind of mining methods widely used, namely open pit mining and underground mining. One of the challenges faced by open pit mining industry is determining the optimal cutoff grade of the mine to be processed. The
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Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional coneshaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a nearsurface, nonselective and lowgrade zones...
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Slope instability of openpit mines has adverse impacts on the overall mine profitability, safety and environment. The slope of an openpit mine is crucially influenced by the slope geometry, quality of rock mass and presence of geological features and their properties. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a method to select the optimal overall slope angle of openpit mines according ...
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Hochbaum and Chen A. (2000): Performance Analysis and Best Implementations of Old and New Algorithms for the OpenPit Mining Problem, Operations Research, pp 894914. Johnson (1968): Optimum Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling, Operations Research Center, Dissertation submitted to University of California, Berkeley, 131p.
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Application to a case study open pit iron ore mine in South Africa indicated a significant improvement in the spatial minetoplan compliance, from 69% to 94% over a threeyear period from 2014 to ...
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Design of open pit slope angles is becoming more and more important as the mining depths of open pits continuously increase. Small changes in the overall pit slope angle have large consequences on the overall economy of the mining operation. A case in particular is the Aitik open pit mine in northern Sweden, which currently faces the design of ...
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Keywords: Modeling of deposit, Open Pit optimization, Ant ... Figure 4 Lenticular shape iron ore deposit of ... land is excavated forming pi ts which increase gradually u ntil mining process if .
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Application to a case study open pit iron ore mine in South Africa indicated a significant improvement in the spatial minetoplan compliance, from 69% to 94% over a threeyear period from 2014 to ...
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An open cut iron ore mine required a detailed mining sequence incorporating current short term plans as well as an extended mine plan tailored to an optimised pit shell. The ore body contained complex structures and the mining sequence had to follow prescribed operational priorities. The client was committed to ramping up production ...
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Mining of minerals is essential for our daytoday life so is the groundwater. Mother Earth is the custodian of these two essential commodities, and both are part and parcel of sustainable living for human beings. This chapter of book focuses on the need, quantity, quality, and management of groundwater encountered in mines, from where extraction of minerals takes place.
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Cost decreased at an optimum fragmentation size in the surface mining operation and production [7,8].The back bone of the blast results quality in surface mining is the efficiency and cost of ...
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Production planning decisions in the mining industry are affected by geological, geometallurgical, economic and operational information. However, the traditional approach to address this problem often relies on simplified models that ignore the variability and uncertainty of these parameters. In this paper, two main sources of uncertainty are combined to obtain multiple simulated block models ...
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billion in 2018. The remaining 2% of domestic iron ore was produced for nonsteel end uses. Seven openpit iron ore mines (each with associated concentration and pelletizing plants), and three iron metallic plants—one directreduced iron (DRI) plant in Louisiana and two hotbriquetted iron (HBI) plants in Indiana and Texas—operated during
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In openpit mining, in order to extract an ore block, it is necessary to remove all waste blocks with a variable slope angle up to the surface. The final combination of all ore blocks together with all waste blocks necessary to reach them that give maximum economic value is called UPL. Many studies have been carried out to determine UPL.
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The mine supply chain usually contains three stages, which is mining, processing, and ore product transportation. This paper tackles the difficulty of variable cutoff grade by establishing a robust optimization model. To solve the robust optimization model, the nonlinear constraints in the model were linearized first.
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Since the initial application of mathematical optimization methods to mine planning in 1965, the LerchsGrossmann algorithm for computing the ultimate pit limit is an exact method of determining the "ultimate pit." The extraction schedule is then defined by excavating these nested pits, in order, from smallest to largest pit [ 3 ].
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The profit function can also be formulated in unit values (per ton or cubic meter of ore), by assigning a unit profit function L ′ (/h), which is given by (2) L ′ = T U V − M − E R − B − F P. In all these variables, there are two geological characteristics, which have great importance: the stripping ratio R and the grade of ore is therefore essential to determine what their ...
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4. Although the basic concept of an open pit is quite simple, the planning required to develop a large deposit for surface mining is a very complex and costly undertaking. At one mine, it may be desirable to plan for blending variations in the ore so as to maintain, as nearly as possible, a uniform feed to the mill. At another operation it may be desirable to completely separate two kinds of ...
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Introduction. This paper discusses a geotechnical study and a slope design of a proposed 170 m deep leadzinc opencast mine situated in Rajasthan state, India. The open pit is 1,500 m long and 500 m wide. The ore body has been proved for a length of km and to have 60 million tonnes of ore reserve. As the ore body is steeply dipping, the ...
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INTRODUCTION. In openpit mining, there is a clear trend of excavating mines of increasing depths (Figure 1a).Owing to the increased efficiency of mining equipment and improved exploration techniques and technology, the ore bodies left to be exploited are deeper (Figure 1b).The deeper a mine is, the higher the effect of pitwall steepness on the amount of waste rock to be excavated and ...
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An openpit mine bulk materials handling system case study is presented to demonstrate the approach. A dispatching heuristic controlling the operation of the trucking system can be optimised through the selection of values for four control parameters. ... some background knowledge of the process of openpit mining is necessary. The purpose of ...
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AskariNasab et al. (2010) applied MILP formulations to an open pit iron ore mine production schedule and compared their results to an industry strategic mine planning software, Whittle ( GEOVIA ...
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Increasing population levels, growing economies, rapid urbanization and changes in consumption patterns have increased the demand for raw materials such as base and precious metals, leading to growing concerns regarding their availability and the global efficiency of the mine supply chain. Mine tailings, consisting of process effluents that are generated in a mineral processing plant, are ...
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The operation and management of a large open pit mine having a life of several (550) years is an enormous and complex task. Optimisation techniques can be successfully applied to resolve a number of important problems that arise in the planning and management of a mine.
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Science Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches. The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or nonmetallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal. Prof. Professor at University of Mysore Follow
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This model, based on exploration and drillhole data, must capture the structure of the ore and provide accurate economic, metallurgical, grade and geotechnical that allow mining engineers to establish the economic potential of the body and the viability of mining the ore body.
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(264).An application for the conversion to a new order mining right will be submitted during F2008. The Gloria mining lease (ML11/83) comprises an area of 1 hectares and is located on portion 1 of the farm Gloria (266). An application for the conversion to a new order mining right will be submitted during F2008. GEOLOGY
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The scheduling of openpit mine production is a largescale, mixedinteger linear programming problem that is computationally expensive. The purpose of this study is to create a computationally efficient algorithm for solving openpit production scheduling problems with uncertain geological parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed research, a case study of an Indian iron ...
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The utilization of mining area in the Leeuwfontein pit improved from 71% to 90%, and the blasting frequency reduced by 14% while the average blast size increased by 17%. The distance travelled during shovel relocations between mining phases reduced by 16%, and the lost time associated with drills relocating reduced by 53%.
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OpenPit Mining | Method and Process Openpit mining Openpit mining provides significant proportions of many of the world's major mineral commodities. In hard rock mining, much of the world's annual output of copper, gold and iron ore is won from openpit operations.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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